Question 1

Can ETP outlet water be reused directly?

Accepted Answer

For low-grade duties such as floor washing, sometimes. For process water, generally not, because conventional ETP treatment does not remove dissolved salts. A membrane stage is normally required.

Question 2

What happens to the reject from a recycling plant?

Accepted Answer

It returns to the effluent system at a higher concentration, or requires separate handling. This is the main technical and commercial constraint on how much water you can recover.

Question 3

How is the payback calculated?

Accepted Answer

From the water cost avoided, discharge volume avoided, and any abstraction constraint, set against chemicals, power, membrane replacement and operator time. We can build that model from your actual consumption figures.